Spanish Accent Marks – Rules and Practice

Welcome to our grammar lesson about Spanish accent marks (also called “tildes”).

Accent marks are these little marks we see on some Spanish words: ´

Only vowels can have accent marks. When they do, they look like this: á, é, í, ó, ú (or, when capitalized: Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú)

In this lesson, we will learn the rules to know if a word needs an accent mark.

Then we will put those rules into practice with some words and different exercises.

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Note: The rules we will learn don’t apply to question words such as “qué”, “dónde”, etc.

They also don’t apply to monosyllables (words with only one syllable).

But don’t worry: at the end of the lesson, we have included two additional sections about those types of words.

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Introduction: strong and weak vowels

There are two types of vowels in Spanish: strong and weak. This is important for accent marks, as we will see.

Strong vowels are a, e, o and weak vowels are i, u :

Rules for accent marks

If we hear a Spanish word and we want to know if it needs an accent mark, we follow these 3 steps:

Step 1 – Number the syllables

We number the syllables from right to left.

Numbering syllables can get tricky when two vowels appear together (or with just an “h” between them). The following box explains what to do in that case:

Numbering syllables when 2 vowels appear together (or with just an “h” between them):

Here are the possibilities:

If both vowels are weak, then they belong to the same syllable.

If both are strong, then they belong to different syllables.

If one is weak and the other is strong, we need to consider the following:

• If the stress of the whole word falls on the weak vowel of the 2, then they belong to different syllables and, more importantly… the weak vowel needs an accent mark! So we can write the accent mark and SKIP THE REST OF THE PROCESS! 🙂
• If the stress of the whole word falls on the strong vowel, then they belong to the same syllable.

Step 2 – Identify the stressed vowel

Hear the word again and pay attention to its melody.

Try to identify the vowel that sounds stressed, and the syllable it belongs to.

Step 3 – Apply the proper rule and decide

This is the final step.

We need to apply a different rule depending on the position of the stressed vowel:

If the stressed vowel is in syllable 1…

… then the stressed vowel needs an accent mark only if the word ends in “n”, “s”, or vowel.

If the stressed vowel is in syllable 2…

… then the stressed vowel needs an accent mark only if the word ends in a letter that is NOT “n”, “s” or vowel.

If the stressed vowel is in syllable 3 or higher…

… then the stressed vowel always needs an accent mark.

Examples

Now let’s put the rules into practice.

Here is a list of 6 words. Some are written correctly, but others need an accent mark:

• arroz
• Fernandez
• mesa
• vivia
• despues
• simpatico

We will hear each word and follow the steps to decide whether it needs an accent mark:

arroz

Step 1: Number the syllables

a	rroz
2	1

Step 2: Identify the stressed vowel

We hear the word and realize the stress is on the “o” in syllable 1.

Step 3: Apply the proper rule and decide

– We apply the rule for words stressed on syllable 1.

– The word ends in “z”.

– So no accent mark.

Solution: arroz

Fernandez

Step 1: Number the syllables

Fer	nan	dez
3	2	1

Step 2: Identify the stressed vowel

We hear the word and realize the stress is on the “a” in syllable 2.

Step 3: Apply the proper rule and decide

– We apply the rule for words stressed on syllable 2.

– The word ends in “z”.

– So we need an accent mark on the stressed vowel.

Solution: Fernández

mesa

Step 1: Number the syllables

me	sa
2	1

Step 2: Identify the the stressed vowel

We hear the word and realize the stress is on the “e” in syllable 2.

Step 3: Apply the proper rule and decide

– We apply the rule for words stressed on syllable 2.

– The word ends in a vowel.

– So no accent mark.

Solution: mesa

vivia

Step 1: Number the syllables

– There are two vowels together, so we need to think:

– One vowel is weak, the other is strong.

– We hear the word, and realize the stress of the whole word falls on the weak vowel of the two, “i”.

So we can skip the rest of the process: we need an accent mark on the “i”.

Solution:  vivía

despues

Step 1: Number the syllables

– There are two vowels together, so we need to think:

– One vowel is weak, the other is strong.

– We hear the word, and realize the stress of the whole word falls on the strong vowel of the two, “e”.

– That means “pues” is just one syllable.

– We can now confidently number the syllables:

des	pues
2	1

Step 2: Identify the the stressed vowel

We have already determined that the stress is on the “e” in syllable 1.

Step 3: Apply the proper rule and decide

– We apply the rule for words stressed on syllable 1.

– The word ends in “s”.

– So we need an accent mark on the stressed syllable.

Solution:  después

simpatico

Step 1: Number the syllables

sim	pa	ti	co
4	3	2	1

Step 2: Identify the the stressed vowel

We hear the word and realize the stress is on the “a” in syllable 3.

Step 3: Apply the proper rule and decide

– We apply the rule for words stressed on syllable 3: they always need an accent mark on the stressed vowel.

Solution: simpático

Practice

Quiz

Take this short Quiz to practice accent marks with a few more words:

Exercise

A few more words!

Try to decide if these words should have an accent mark. Then check the solutions.

(We have highlighted in black the vowel that sounds stressed):

Solutions

Accents on question words

Question words such as “¿qué?” or “¿dónde?” have an accent mark when they play an interrogative role. The rules learned above don’t apply here.

Here is the list of question words:

• dónde (where)
• adónde (to where)
• cómo (how)
• cuál (which one)
• cuáles (which ones)
• cuándo (when)
• cuánto/a/s (how much, how many)
• qué (what)
• quién (who, singular)
• quiénes (who, plural)

Let’s take “dónde” and “qué” as examples, and read some sentences where they have an accent mark and some sentences where they don’t:

dónde:

¿Dónde estás?
Where are you? (interrogative role)

No sé dónde tengo mis gafas.
I don’t know where I have my glasses. (although there are no question marks, the role is interrogative, because someone is wondering where the glasses are)

Este es el lugar donde pongo mis gafas.
This is the place where I put my glasses. (no interrogative role)

qué:

¿Qué quieres?
What do you want? (interrogative role)

Ellos me preguntan qué quiero.
They ask me what I want. (although there are no question marks, the role is interrogative)

Esta es la casa que he comprado.
This is the house that I’ve bought. (no interrogative role)

Accents on monosyllables

Monosyllables (one-syllable words) in general don’t have accent marks.

However, there are a few exceptions:

Some monosyllables can have different meanings. With some meanings, they need an accent mark.

Here’s the list of monosyllables affected:

With accent mark		Without accent mark
Spanish	Meaning	Spanish	Meaning
dé	form of the verb "dar"	de	of
él	he	el	the
más	more	mas	but
mí	me	mi	my
sé	form of the verb "ser" or "saber"	se	personal pronoun
sí	yes / himself / herself	si	if
té	tea	te	personal pronoun
tú	you	tu	your